Edible seaweed guide

Hijiki (Sargassum fusiforme)

Looking like long strands of fat black tea, this earthy and woody seaweed has a nutty crunch, and is often used in Japanese vegetable stews.

Kombu (Laminaria species)

This is dried forest kelp, mostly imported, and extremely high in umami-inducing glutamates, making it ideal to add to stocks and stews. With bonito it forms the cornerstone of Japanese stock – dashi. Supplies of kombu in Australia are frequently affected by interceptions by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, which tests kombu for iodine levels. If they’re too high, the goods are declared failed foods and are not allowed to be sold.

Mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus)

Viscous and delicious, this thick seaweed makes a simple appetiser when served with a sauce made from dashi, soy sauce, mirin and sugar.

Nori (Porphyra species)

Known in Britain as laver, this seaweed lives in cold seawater and clings to shoreline rocks across the northern hemisphere. Paper-thin and reddish-green, it’s processed into nori sheets used to wrap sushi. Some cooks grind it and use it as a flavour enhancer.

Sea lettuce (Ulva species)

This bright green algae’s delicate translucent leaves are eaten across the world and harvested by Australia’s foraging chefs, such as Attica’s Ben Shewry. It’s also available as a dried product called Moonlight Pure Seaweed Flake from Moonlight Flat Oysters.

Sea spaghetti (Himanthalia elongata)

Growing like dark spaghetti under water, it dries like dark-brown fettuccine and has a beefy flavour when added to stews, and a nutty quality when added to salads.

Umibudo (Caulerpa lentillifera)

Also known as sea grapes, umibudo is appreciated for its caviar-like texture. Popular in aquaculture in Okinawa, it also appears in Thai island cuisine. It’s best eaten raw in a salad or on top of raw fish where its delicate crunch and fresh, savoury tang can best be appreciated.

Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida)

Deep-red and brown in the sea, this invasive species from Japan changes colour to green when cooked. The fresh version is often served with sesame seeds as a salad in Japanese restaurants, while dried wakame is often added to miso soup. Small amounts are hand-harvested in Tasmania.